学前班篇：1.什么是外汇？（babypips翻译）

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Speculation in the Forex Market
投机在外汇市场的地位
One important thing to note about the forex market is that while commercial and financial transactions are part of the trading volume, most currency trading is based on speculation.
一件需要注意的重要的事是，当商业和金融交易是交易量的一部分时，大部分外汇交易是基于投机。
In other words, most of the trading volume comes from traders that buy and sell based on intraday price movements.
换句话说，大多数的交易量来源于交易者基于一天内价格变动所进行的买卖。

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The trading volume brought about by speculators is estimated to be more than 90%!
投机者带来的交易量估计会超过90%！
The scale of the forex market means that liquidity – the amount of buying and selling volume happening at any given time – is extremely high.
外汇市场的这个规模意味着流动性（任何时间的交易量总数）相当强。
This makes it very easy for anyone to buy and sell currencies
这使得无论谁都能轻松的买入卖出货币。
From the perspective of a trader, liquidity is very important because it determines how easily price can change over a given time period.
从交易者的角度看，流动性非常重要。因为它决定了价格有多容易在交易时间段内变动。
A liquid market environment like forex enables huge trading volumes to happen with very little effect on the price, or price action.
一个流动性充裕的市场环境会使得即使发生大规模交易，价格也不会大幅度变动。
While the forex market is relatively very liquid, the market depth could change depending on the currency pair and time of day.
尽管外汇市场相比较而言流动性很大，但市场深度仍会由于货币对和时间变化。
In our forex trading sessions part of the School, we’ll tell you how the time of your trades can affect the pair you’re trading.
在我们学院外汇交易部分，我们将告诉你你的交易时间是如何影响你交易的货币对的。
In the meantime, here are a few tricks on how you can trade currencies in gazillion ways. We even narrowed it down to four!
在此期间，也有些你如何用大量的方式交易货币的窍门。我们甚至把范围缩小到了四种。

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1.5交易外汇的不同方式
Because forex is so awesome, traders came up with a number of different ways to invest or speculate in currencies.
由于外汇非常的好，交易者们想出了大量不同的方法来投资或投机货币。
Among these, the most popular ones are spot forex, currency futures, currency options, and currency exchange-traded funds (or ETFs).
在这些方法中，最流行的是现货外汇、外汇期货、外汇期权、外汇交易基金（ETFs）。

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Currency Futures
外汇期货
Futures are contracts to buy or sell a certain asset at a specified price on a future date (That’s why they’re called futures!).
期货是在未来某个时间在特定价格买入或卖出特定资产的契约。
FX futures were created by the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) way back in 1972 when bell-bottoms and platform boots were still in style.
外汇期货早在1972年由芝加哥商业交易（CME）所创办，当喇叭裤和厚底高跟鞋仍然流行。
Since futures contracts are standardized and traded on a centralized exchange, the market is very transparent and well-regulated.
因为期货契约标准化且中心化交易，这个市场极为透明有矩。
This means that price and transaction information are readily available.
这意味着价格和交易信息可以被轻松获取。
Currency Options
外汇期权
An “option” is a financial instrument that gives the buyer the right or the option, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an asset at a specified price on the option’s expiration date.
期权是一种金融工具。它可以让购买者有权利或选择权在期权截止日以特定的价格买入或卖出资产，但不非要买入卖出。
If a trader “sold” an option, then he or she would be obliged to buy or sell an asset at a specific price at the expiration date.
Just like futures, options are also traded on an exchange, such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the International Securities Exchange (ISE), or the hiladelphia Stock Exchange (PHLX).
如果一位交易者卖出了一份期权，那么他将不得不在截止日以特定价格买入或卖出一份资产。（前后矛盾，以开头为准）和期货一样，期权也在交易所内交易，如芝加哥商业交易所、国际证券交易所、费城证券交易所。
However, the disadvantage in trading FX options is that market hours are limited for certain options and the liquidity is not nearly as great as the futures or spot market.
然而，外汇期权交易劣势在于市场交易时间受限并且流动性不如期货或现货那么好。
Currency ETFs
外汇交易基金
Exchange-traded funds or ETFs are the youngest members of the forex world.
外汇交易基金或ETFs是外汇世界最年轻的成员。
A currency ETF offers exposure to a single currency or basket of currencies. Here’s a list of the most popularly traded currency ETFs.
一个外汇交易基金会主动关注单个货币或是一揽子货币。这里有一个最受欢迎的外汇交易基金列表。https://etfdb.com/etfdb-category/currency/
ETFs are created and managed by financial institutions that buy and hold currencies in a fund. They then offer of the fund to the public on an exchange allowing you to buy and trade these shares just like stocks.
ETFs由会在基金中买入持有的各种货币的大型金融机构创造并管理。他们在交易所内向公众提供基金的股份，并允许你像交易股票一样买这些股份。
Like currency options, the limitation in trading currency ETFs is that the market isn’t open 24 hours. Also, ETFs are subject to trading commissions and other transaction costs.
和外汇期权一样，外汇交易基金的限制也是市场不能24小时开放。同样ETFs也受交易佣金和其他交易费用的影响。
Spot Forex Market
现货外汇市场
In the spot market, currencies are traded immediately or “on the spot,” using the current market price. What’s awesome about this market is its simplicity, liquidity, tight spreads, and round-the-clock operations.
在现货市场，货币以市场价格即刻、现场交易。这个市场简单、流动性强、点差低、全天候运行真是太好了。
It’s very easy to participate in this market since accounts can be opened with as little as $50! (Not that we suggest you do) – you’ll learn why in our Capitalization lesson!
由于仅需50美元就可开户，参与这个市场非常简单。
Aside from that, most forex brokers usually provide charts, news, and analysis for free.
除此之外，大多是外汇经纪人通常提供图标、新闻和免费的分析。
In the School of Pipsology, when it comes to a specific way to trade currencies, we’ll be primarily talking about the spot forex market.
在外汇学院，当提到某种特定地交易货币的方式时，我们主要会谈起外汇现货市场。

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