学前班篇：1.什么是外汇？（babypips翻译）

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You are betting that the Japanese economy is doing well, and will even get better as time goes.
你在赌日本的经济状况不错，甚至于会越来越好。
Once you sell those “shares” back to the market, hopefully, you will end up with a profit.
你一将这些“股票”卖出到市场中，就希望自己能平仓获益。
In general, the exchange rate of a currency versus other currencies is a reflection of the condition of that country’s economy, compared to other countries’ economies.
一般来说，一种货币与其他货币的兑换比例反映了两者间经济状况的对比。
By the time you graduate from this School of Pipsology, you’ll be eager to start working with currencies.
等你从外汇学院毕业后，你将会渴望与货币一同工作。
Major Currencies
主流货币

While there are potentially lots of currencies you can trade, as a new forex trader, you will probably start trading with the “major currencies“.
尽管有许多潜在的可以交易的货币，但作为一个交易新人，你可能需要从“主流货币”开始交易。

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Currency symbols always have three letters, where the first two letters identify the name of the country and the third letter identifies the name of that country’s currency, usually the first letter of the currency’s name.
货币符号通常由三个字母组成，前两个字母指明国家名称，第三个字母指明这个国家货币的名称。
These three letters are known as ISO 4217 Currency Codes.
By 1973, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) established the three-letter codes for currencies that we use today.
这些个三字母组合，因ISO 4217号货币代码而闻名。在1973年前，国际标准化组织（ISO）建立了我们现在使用的表示货币的三字母代码。

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Take NZD for instance…
拿NZD举例……
NZ stands for New Zealand, while D stands for dollar.
NZ表示新西兰，D表示元。
Easy enough, right?
简单的可以了吧？
The currencies included in the chart above are called the “majors” because they are the most widely traded ones.
We’d also like to let you know that “buck” isn’t the only nickname for USD.
上面图表包含的货币被称为主流货币，因为它们的交易最为广泛。我们也想让你知道“buck”不只是美元唯一的绰号。

There’s also: greenbacks, bones, benjis, benjamins, cheddar, paper, loot, scrilla, cheese, bread, moolah, dead presidents, and cash money.
还有：greenbacks, bones, benjis, benjamins, cheddar, paper, loot, scrilla, cheese, bread, moolah, dead presidents, and cash money.
So, if you wanted to say, “I have to go to work now.”
所以，如果你想说，“我不得不去干活了。”
Instead, you could say, “Yo, I gotta bounce! Gotta make them benjis son!”
可以替换为，“～！@#￥……&*（）”（不会翻译，盲猜跟上面一个意思）
Fun fact: Did you also know that in Peru, a nickname for the U.S. dollar is Coco, which is a pet name for Jorge (George in Spanish), a reference to the portrait of George Washington on the $1 note?
趣事：你知道在秘鲁人们把美元称为Coco吗？这是对乔治的爱称。（指印在一美元纸币上的乔治.华盛顿）

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They call me Coco yo!
他们叫我Coco呦！

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1.3买入和卖出货币对
Forex trading is the simultaneous buying of one currency and selling another.
外汇交易的买入和卖出同时发生。
Currencies are traded through a broker or dealer and are traded in pairs.
交易者通过经纪人或交易商成对地交易货币。
For example, the euro and the U.S. dollar (EUR/USD) or the British pound and the Japanese yen (GBP/JPY).
举个例子，欧元和美元（EUR/USD）或者是英镑与日元（GBP/JPY）
When you trade in the forex market, you buy or sell in currency pairs.
当你进行外汇交易时，你是在买入或卖出货币对。

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Imagine each currency pair constantly in a “tug of war” with each currency on its own side of the rope.
想象每种货币在绳子属于自己的一端反复拉扯。而货币对就处于这样一种永无休止的拉锯战中。
Exchange rates fluctuate based on which currency is stronger at the moment.
货币的兑换比例基于此刻谁强谁弱而上下波动。

Major Currency Pairs
主流货币对

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The currency pairs listed below are considered the “majors.”
下列的货币对被视为主流货币对。
These pairs all contain the U.S. dollar (USD) on one side and are the most frequently traded.
这些货币对的都包含着美元，并且交易最为频繁。
The majors are the most liquid and widely traded currency pairs in the world.
主流货币对在世界范围内交易最流畅也最广泛。

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Major Cross-Currency Pairs or Minor Currency Pairs
主流交叉货币对或次要货币对

Currency pairs that don’t contain the U.S. dollar (USD) are known as cross-currency pairs or simply as the “crosses.”
不包含美元的货币对被称为交叉货币对（交叉盘）。
Major crosses are also known as “minors.”
主流交叉盘也被称为“次要货币对”
The most actively traded crosses are derived from the three major non-USD currencies: EUR, JPY, and GBP.
交易最活跃的交叉盘是由三种非美元货币延伸出来的：欧元、日元和英镑

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Exotic Currency Pairs
异国货币对

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No, exotic pairs are not exotic belly dancers who happen to be twins. Exotic currency pairs are made up of one major currency paired with the currency of an emerging economy, such as Brazil, Mexico, Chile, Turkey, or Hungary.
异国货币对不是恰巧是双胞胎的肚皮舞者。异国货币对由一个主流货币和一个新兴经济体的货币组成。如巴西、墨西哥、智利、土耳其、匈牙利。
The chart below contains a few examples of exotic currency pairs.
Wanna take a shot at guessing what those other currency symbols stand for?
下表中包含一些异国货币对的例子。想尝试猜猜这些货币的符号代表什么吗？
Depending on your forex broker, you may see the following exotic currency pairs so it’s good to know what they are.
通过外汇经纪人，你可能会见到下面的异国货币对。所以你最好了解下他们是什么。
Keep in mind that these pairs aren’t as heavily traded as the “majors” or “crosses,” so the transaction costs associated with trading these pairs are usually bigger.
记住这些货币对交易量并不如主流货币对或者是交叉盘那么大。所以这些货币对的交易费用（点差）通常会更大

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It’s not unusual to see spreads that are two or three times bigger than that of EUR/USD or USD/JPY.
它们的点差常常是欧美、美日两到三倍。
So if you want to trade exotics currency pairs, remember to factor this in your decision.
所以，如果你想交易异国货币对，请记住考虑这个因素
G10 Currencies
G10货币
The G10 currencies are ten of the most heavily traded currencies in the world, which are also ten of the world’s most liquid currencies.
G10货币是世界上十种交易最多的货币，也是流动性最强的十种货币。
Traders regularly buy and sell them in an open market with minimal impact on their own international exchange rates.
交易者在开放市场中规律地买入卖出，对他们自己的国际汇率只有微乎其微的影响。

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The Scandies
克朗
Scandinavia is a subregion in Northern Europe, with strong historical, cultural, and linguistic ties.
斯堪的纳维亚是北欧的一个次区域，有着悠久的历史、文化、语言联系。
The term “Scandinavia” in local usage covers the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden.
术语“斯堪的纳维亚”在当地的用法里包含着三个王国，丹麦、挪威、瑞典。
Together, their currencies are known as the “Scandies“.
它们的货币一同被称为“克朗”。
Back in the day, Denmark and Sweden established the Scandinavian Monetary Union to merge their currencies to a gold standard. Norway joined later.
早先，丹麦和瑞典建立了斯堪的纳维亚货币联盟以使它们的货币融合成金本位。挪威随后加入。
This meant that these countries now had one currency, with the same monetary value, with the exception that each of these countries minted their own coins.
这意味着这些国家有着同一种货币，相同的币值。唯一例外的是，它们各自独立铸币。
But then World War I happened, and the gold standard was abandoned and the Scandinavian Monetary Union disbanded.  These countries decided to keep the currency, even if the values were separate from one another. And this remains the state of things.
然而一战爆发了，金本位被废除，斯堪的纳维亚货币联盟解散。这些国家决定保留这种货币，即使币值已经各自独立。这保留了事物的状态
If you notice their currency names, they all look similar. That’s because the word “krone or krona” literally means “crown”, and the differences in spelling of the name represent the differences between the North Germanic languages.
如果你注意到它们国家货币的名字看起来相近，这是因为单词“krone”或“krona（克朗）”的字面意思都是“王冠”。名字拼写的不同表示北日耳曼语言的不同。
Crown currencies. What a cool name huh?
王冠货币。这个名字酷极了！
I don’t know about you, but saying “Hook me up with some crowns yo.” sounds way cooler than “Hook me up with some dollahs yo.”
我不了解你，但说“帮我获得些‘王冠’”比“帮我获得些钱”酷多了。

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CEE Currencies
中欧和东欧货币
“CEE” stands for Central and Eastern Europe.
“CCE”代表中欧和东欧。
Central and Eastern Europe is a term encompassing the countries in Central Europe,  the Baltics, Eastern Europe, and Southeast Europe (the Balkans), usually meaning former communist states from the Eastern Bloc (Warsaw Pact) in Europe.
中欧和东欧是一个术语。它包含了中欧、波罗的海沿岸国家、东欧、南欧（巴尔干半岛部分），通常指来自东方联盟（华约）的前社会主义欧洲国家。

Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) is an OECD term for the group of countries comprising Albania, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Slovak Republic, Slovenia, and the three Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
中欧东欧国家（CEECs）是一个经合组织的术语。这些国家包括阿尔巴尼亚、保加利亚、克罗地亚、捷克共和国、匈牙利、波兰、罗马尼亚、斯洛伐克共和国、斯洛文尼亚还有波罗的海国家：爱沙尼亚、拉脱维亚、立陶宛。
Regarding the FX market, there are four main CEE currencies to be aware of.
至于外汇市场，这里有四种主要的中欧东欧货币需要注意。

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BRIICS
金砖国家
BRIICS is the acronym coined for the association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, Indonesia, China, and South Africa.
金砖国家（BRIICS）是五个主要的新兴经济体的缩写相连杜撰出的。这五个经济体包括：巴西、俄国、印度、印尼、中国、南非。
Originally the first four were grouped as “BRIC” (or “the BRICs”). BRICs was a term created by Goldman Sachs to name today’s new high-growth emerging economies.
起先最开始的四国国家被称为“BRIC”。这个词汇是一个被高曼·萨克斯创造出的术语，以之命名当今新兴的高速发展的经济体。
BRIICS is the term created by the OECD, when it added Indonesia and South Africa.
当BRIC加入印尼和南非后，经合组织又创造出金砖国家（BRIICS）这个术语。

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1.4外汇市场规模与流动性
Unlike other financial markets like the New York Stock Exchange(NYSE) or London Stock Exchange (LSE), the forex market has neither a physical location nor a central exchange.
不像纽交所、伦交所这样的金融市场，外汇交易市场既没有一个实体的位置也没有一个交易中心。
The forex market is considered an Over-the-Counter (OTC), or “interbank” market due to the fact that the entire market is run electronically, within a network of banks, continuously over a 24-hour period.
由于外汇交易市场处在银行网络内部电子化24小时运行，所以外汇交易市场被认为是场外交易市场（OTC）或是银行间同业拆借市场。
This means that the spot forex market is spread all over the globe with no central location.
这意味着外汇交易市场在全球范围内无中心运行。
Trades can take place anywhere as long as you have an Internet connection!
只要你有网络，随便你在什么地方都可以交易。

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The forex OTC market is by far the biggest and most popular financial market in the world, traded globally by a large number of individuals and organizations.
外汇OTC市场至今为止是世界上最大的也是最受欢迎的金融市场，通过各种组织与大量的个体交易者进行全球性的交易。
In an OTC market, participants determine who they want to trade with depending on trading conditions, the attractiveness of prices, and the reputation of the trading counterpart.
在OTC市场中，参与者由交易的条件决定他们要和谁交易。如价格的吸引力和交易者的信誉。
The chart below shows the seven most actively traded currencies.
下表展示了最具吸引力的七种货币。

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Because two currencies are involved in each transaction, the sum of the percentage shares of individual currencies totals 200% instead of 100%
*因为每个交易中都包括了两种货币，所以各货币共享的百分比的总和是200%而不是100%
The U.S. dollar is the most traded currency, making up 84.9% of all transactions.
美元是交易最多的货币，占了交易总量的84.9%。
The euro’s share is second at 39.1%, while that of the yen is third at 19.0%.
欧元那一份占了39.1%，同时日元占了19%。
As you can see, most of the major currencies are hogging the top spots on this list!
正如你所见，大多数主流货币独占了榜单高位。
The Dollar is King in the Forex Market
外汇市场，美元为王。

补充内容 (2020-5-16 22:10):
第一句share翻译错了，在这里指一份。各货币自己那一份占百分比的总和是200%而不是100%

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You’ve probably noticed how often we keep mentioning the U.S. dollar (USD).
你可能已经注意到我们多次提到了美元。
If the USD is one-half of every major currency pair, and the majors comprise 75% of all trades, then it’s a must to pay attention to the U.S. dollar. The USD is king!
如果美元是每个主流货币对的一半，并且由75%的交易者在交易主流货币对，那么关注美元就是一件必要的事了。美元为王！

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In fact, according to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the U.S. dollar comprises roughly 64% of the world’s official foreign exchange reserves! Because almost every investor, business, and central bank owns it, they pay attention to the U.S. dollar.
实际上，根据国际货币基金（IMF），美元大致占了世界各国官方外汇储备的64%！因为几乎所有的投资者、企业和央行都在持有美元。他们关注美元。

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There are also other reasons why the U.S. dollar plays a central role in the forex market:
这里显示了为什么美元在外汇市场影响巨大的其他重要原因：
The United States economy is the LARGEST economy in the world.
美国是世界上最大的经济体。
The U.S. dollar is the reserve currency of the world.
美元是世界的储备货币。
The United States has the largest and most liquid financial markets in the world.
美国拥有世界上最大且流动性最强的金融市场。
The United States has a stable political system.
美国有着稳定的政治体系。
The United States is the world’s sole military superpower.
美国是世界上仅有的军事超级大国。
The U.S. dollar is the medium of exchange for many cross-border transactions. For example, oil is priced in U.S. dollars. Also called “petrodollars.” So if Mexico wants to buy oil from Saudi Arabia, it can only be bought with the U.S. dollar. If Mexico doesn’t have any dollars, it has to sell its pesos first and buy U.S. dollars.
美元是许多跨国交易的中介物。举个例子，石油用美元标价，也被称为“石油美元”。所以如果墨西哥想买沙特的石油，只能用美元买。如果墨西哥没有美元，就只能先卖出墨西哥比索再买入美元。